Inventory control refers to the process of managing and regulating the inflow, outflow, and storage of products within an e-commerce business. The primary goal of inventory control is to strike a balance between meeting customer demand and minimizing carrying costs. Because overstocking means you might end up with too much of a specific item that you can't sell or be paying for a larger warehouse than you really need. Whereas understocking means you're in danger of not fulfilling orders significantly if supply chain issues delay shipments of new products. Inventory control involves various activities, such as tracking inventory, minimizing stockouts, and optimizing replenishment.
Let's take a look at one example of inventory control.
A sustainable beauty company has just launched a new range of shower gel products. They ordered 1000 units of each new product. The majority of items are all selling well, but during the stock level review, they recognised that one product isn't selling as well as the others. Furthermore, it is taking up warehouse space and has a limited shelf-life.
At this point, the company should make a decision on how to move this stock as soon as possible. Some strategies such as offering them at a discounted price or adding them to a bundle with other higher-selling items to increase turnover can be used.
Also, customer service department found reviews in relation to a bad smell when using the product, hence the lack of turnover could result from the prospective buyers purchasing this product. Thus, a note was made to revisit formulation to resolve this issue in the future.
It is important to highlight how important Inventory control is as it helps to avoid stockouts or excessive inventory, and can also help in other ways such as:
- Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: With accurate inventory control, businesses can ensure that products are consistently available for purchase.
- Cost Optimization: Avoiding stockouts or excessive inventory helps to reduce storage costs, the risk of obsolescence, and potential losses due to dead inventory.
- Streamlined Operations: By closely managing inventory levels, businesses can improve order fulfillment processes, reduce lead times, and enhance overall operational efficiency.
- Demand Forecasting: Inventory control enables businesses to analyze historical data and predict future demand accurately. This data can be used to optimize procurement strategies, production planning, and marketing efforts.
However, inventory control also poses certain challenges such as:
- Capital Tied Up: Maintaining inventory requires a significant investment of capital. Excess inventory can tie up resources, affecting cash flow and profitability.
- Storage Limitations: Businesses must have sufficient storage space to accommodate inventory, which can be a challenge for e-commerce companies operating in limited physical locations.